Fluidity fluid pericardial cavity

 Mechanics is the oldest physical science that deals with both stationary and moving boundaries under the influence of forces. The branch of the mechanics that deals with bodies at rest is called statics while the branch that deals with bodies in motion is called dynamics. • Fluid Mechanics is the science that deals with the behavior of fluids at rest (fluid statics) or in motion (fluid dynamics) and the interaction of fluids with solids or other fluids at the boundaries. • A substance in the liquid/gas phase is referred to
as ‘fluid’. The distinction between a solid & fluid is made on the basis of a substance’s ability to resist an applied shear (tangential) stress that tends to change its shape. A solid can resist an applied shear by deforming its shape whereas a fluid deforms continuously under the influence of shear stress, no matter how small is its shape. In solids, stress is proportional to strain, but in fluids, stress is proportional to ‘strain rate.’

1. Pressure ( p): It is the normal force exerted by a fluid per unit area. More details will be available in the subsequent section (Lecture 02). In the SI system the unit and dimension of pressure can be written as, N/m2 and -1 -2 ML T, respectively. 2. Density: The density of a substance is the quantity of matter contained in the unit the volume of the substance. It is expressed in three different ways; mass density mass volume ρ     =  , a specific weight(ρg ) and relative density/specific gravity water SG ρ ρ     =   . The units and dimensions are given as, For mass density; Dimension: 3 ML− Unit: kg/m3 For specific weight; Dimension: -2 -2 ML T Unit: N/m3

Measurement of pressure:- the pressure of a liquid may be measured by the manometer. These are the device Road measuring the pressure at a point in a liquid by balancing the column of the liquid by the same or another column of liquid. Metres are classified as....

1) simple manometers such as piezometre and U tube manometer.
2) differential manometer.

A piezometre Is the simplest form of manometer is used for measuring moderate pressure of liquid

A manometer is used to measure
a) high pressure of liquids.
b) vacuum pressure.
c) pressure in Pipe and channels.

A departmental manometer is used to measure difference of pressure between two points in a pipe.


Total pressure and centre of pressure:-
The total pressure is defined as the force exerted by a static fluid on a surface when the fluid comes in contact with the surface. This force is always normal to the surface.
The centre of pressure is defined as the point of application of the resultant pressure on the surface
The total pressure and centre of pressure on the immerse surface hired as follows......

a) Horizontally immersed surface
b) Vertically immerged surface
c) inclined immersed surface
d) curve immersed surface

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