Expression of the efficiency of a Hydraulic Ram

 Hydraulic Ram:- 

The hydraulic ram is a device with which a small quantity of water can be pumped to a higher hight using the avaiable large quantity of water of low hed. It works on the principle of water hammer.

The hydraulic ram consist of a valve. The waste valve V1 opens inward in which excess water from the ram body can flow out when the pressure in the ram body is low but it closes when the pressure is high. Another valve V2 connect the ram body to the air vessel which is further connected to the delivery tank through a delivery pipe. Both valve V1 & V2 are non-return valves and this valve allows flow in one way only. The principle of the working is when flowing water in the ram body is suddenly brought to rest, then the change of momentum of the water mass causes a sudden rise in pressure which is utilized to raise a portion of water to a higher height. Initially, water enter the ram body is filled up. The valve V1 remains open in the ram body and water is allowed to escape from the ram body through waste valve V1. As the velocity of flow in supply pipe increase  , the pressure inside the ram body also increases. The waste valve V1 close when the pressure inside the ram became sufficiently high. Due to tthe sudden closure of tthe waste valve V1, water body in the supply pipe is sudden briught to rest which leads to increase in pressure the ram body. The increased khigh prressure in the ram body lifts the delivery valve V2 and part of water is admitted in the air vessel. The entry of water causes pressure inside the air vessel to increase. The higher pressure inside the air vessel lifts the water through the delivery pipe to the delivery tank. When the pressure inside the ram body falls, delivery valve V2 close and waste valve V1 opens. The flow of water from the supply pipe start in the ram body and the cycle is repeated. The air vessel provided storage  as well as it regulates the flow in the delivery pipe.

'The efficiency of hydraulic ram is expressed in two way by...

i) D' Aubuissin's efficiency = Energy supplied to the delivery tank / Energy supplied from the supply tank

                                       or,  η = ρ x q x H / ρ x Q x h = q x H / Q x h

                                                                    where,  Q = discharge from the supply tank to the ram body 

                                                                                  q = discharge from the ram body to the delivery tank

                                                                                   h = height of the supply tank form the ram body

                                                                                   H = height of the delivery  tank from the ram body

ii)  Rankine efficiency = q (H - h) / (Q - q) h


Advantages of a hydraulic ram:-

i) It dose not need external energy to pump water to higher heights.

ii) Its works automatically.

iii) It requires little maintenance.

iv) It has almost negligible cost running.


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