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Expression of the efficiency of a Hydraulic Ram

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  Hydraulic Ram:-   The hydraulic ram is a device with which a small quantity of water can be pumped to a higher hight using the avaiable large quantity of water of low hed. It works on the principle of water hammer. The hydraulic ram consist of a valve. The waste valve V1 opens inward in which excess water from the ram body can flow out when the pressure in the ram body is low but it closes when the pressure is high. Another valve V2 connect the ram body to the air vessel which is further connected to the delivery tank through a delivery pipe. Both valve V1 & V2 are non-return valves and this valve allows flow in one way only. The principle of the working is when flowing water in the ram body is suddenly brought to rest, then the change of momentum of the water mass causes a sudden rise in pressure which is utilized to raise a portion of water to a higher height. Initially, water enter the ram body is filled up. The valve V1 remains open in the ram body and water is allow...
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The working Principle of the Hydraulic Crane

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 Hydraulic Crane:- A hydraulic crane consists of a central pedestal supporting a mast from which is attached a jib or ram. The jib can be raised or lowered to reduce or increase the radius of action of the crane. The mast can revolve about the vertical axis so that jib with load can be positioned anywhere in a circular area around the crane . Thus, both by lowering or raising the jib revolving around the pedestal,  the load can be moved to any place within the crane area action. there are two sets of pulleys include one which is stationary and the other which is moveable. The load is suspended by a wire rope that passes over a guide pulley fixed on the jib and on another end the wire rope is attached to the hydraulic jigger. The jigger consists of a fixed pulley. at the bottom end of the fixed cylinder is attached to a movable pulley. At the bottom end of the fixed cylinder is attached to a fixed pulley. The jigger is attached to the mast. The wire rope to the jigger passes ov...
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Links, joints, and kinematic chains and Their applications

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 Linkage design:  Linkages are the basic building blocks of all mechanisms  All common forms of mechanisms (cams, gears, belts, chains) are in fact variations on a common theme of linkages. • Linkages are made up of links and joints. • Links: rigid member having nodes • Node: attachment points 1. Binary link: 2 nodes 2. Ternary link: 3 nodes 3. Quaternary link: 4 nodes Joint: a connection between two or more links (at their nodes) which allows motion; (Joints also called kinematic pairs). Joint Classification Joints can be classified in several ways: 1) By the type of contact between the elements, line, point, or surface. 2) By the number of degrees of freedom allowed at the joint. 3) By the type of physical closure of the joint: either force or form closed. 4) By the number of links joined (order of the joint). A joint with more than one freedom may also be a higher pair • Type of contact: line, point, surface • Number of DOF: full joint=1DOF, half joint=2DOF • Form closed (clo...
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