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Thermal equilibrium

Thermal equilibrium When there are Variation in temperature from point to point of an isolated system the temperature at very point has changed with time. This rate of change degrees and eventually stop. When no further changes are observed the system in said to be in thermal equilibrium. Laws of thermodynamics:- Zeroth law of thermodynamics:- This law states that when two bodies are in thermal equilibrium with a third body they are also in thermal equilibrium with each other. First law of thermodynamics:- These laws state that the heat and mechanical work are mutually convertible. To this law definite amount of mechanical work is needed to produce a definite amount of heat and vice versa.                         this law also state that the energy can neither be created not destroyed, through it can be transformed from one form to another. According to this law the energy ...
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Expression of the efficiency of a Hydraulic Ram

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  Hydraulic Ram:-   The hydraulic ram is a device with which a small quantity of water can be pumped to a higher hight using the avaiable large quantity of water of low hed. It works on the principle of water hammer. The hydraulic ram consist of a valve. The waste valve V1 opens inward in which excess water from the ram body can flow out when the pressure in the ram body is low but it closes when the pressure is high. Another valve V2 connect the ram body to the air vessel which is further connected to the delivery tank through a delivery pipe. Both valve V1 & V2 are non-return valves and this valve allows flow in one way only. The principle of the working is when flowing water in the ram body is suddenly brought to rest, then the change of momentum of the water mass causes a sudden rise in pressure which is utilized to raise a portion of water to a higher height. Initially, water enter the ram body is filled up. The valve V1 remains open in the ram body and water is allow...
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Working principle & Sketch of the Hydraulic Accumulator

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 Hydraulic Accumulator:- The accumulator means a device that can store something. The hydraulic accumulator is a device that can store water energy temporarily and make available this energy when it's required. In the case of hydraulic machines such as lifts and cranes, the liquid under pressure is required during the upward motion of lifts or when the load is being lifted by a crane. These machines do not need any energy otherwise when a lift is moving down or load is being lowered by the crane. Therefore, an accumulator can store energy when the machines do not require energy and supply the same when machines require energy. The function of any hydraulic accumulator is analogous to that of the flywheel of an IC engine or electric storage battery. Besides storages of energy hydraulic an accumulator helps to dampen pressure surges and shocks in the hydraulic system so as to function as a pressure regulator. Simple Hydraulic Accumulator:- Its consists of a vertical cylinder which co...
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